896 research outputs found
Development of a self balanced robot and its controller
Two wheeled balancing robots are based on inverted pendulum configuration which relies upon dynamic balancing systems for balancing and maneuvering. This project is based on the development of a self-balanced two wheeled robot which has a configuration similar to a bicycle. These robot bases provide exceptional robustness and capability due to their smaller size and power requirements. Outcome of research in this field had led to the birth of robots such as Segway, Murata boy etc. Such robots find their applications in surveillance & transportation purpose. Here, in particular, the focus is on the electro-mechanical mechanisms & control algorithms required to enable the robot to perceive and act in real time for a dynamically changing world. Using an Ultrasonic sensor and an accelerometer we get the information about the tilt of the robot from its equilibrium position. Balancing was done using a servo motor, a DC motor and a control momnt gyroscope. While these techniques are applicable to many robot applications, the construction of sensors, filters and actuator system is a learning experience
Effect of Site-disorder, Off-stoichiometry and Epitaxial Strain on the Optical Properties of Magnetoelectric Gallium Ferrite
We present a combined experimental-theoretical study demonstrating the role
of site disorder, off-stoichiometry and strain on the optical behavior of
magnetoelectric gallium ferrite. Optical properties such as band-gap,
refractive indices and dielectric constants were experimentally obtained by
performing ellipsometric studies over the energy range 0.8 eV to 4.2 eV on
pulsed laser deposited epitaxial thin films of stoichiometric gallium ferrite
with b-axis orientation and the data was compared with theoretical results.
Calculations on the ground state structure show that the optical activity in
GaFeO3 arises primarily from O2p-Fe3d transitions. Further, inclusion of site
disorder and epitaxial strain in the ground state structure significantly
improves the agreement between the theory and the room temperature experimental
data substantiating the presence of site-disorder in the experimentally derived
strained GaFeO3 films at room temperature. We attribute the modification of the
ground state optical behavior upon inclusion of site disorder to the
corresponding changes in the electronic band structure, especially in Fe3d
states leading to a lowered band-gap of the material.Comment: 18 Pages, 6 figure
Chronic pelvic pain in women: comparative study between ultrasonography and laparoscopy as diagnostic tool
Background: Chronic pelvic pain is a major cause of morbidity among the reproductive age group women. The study on patients of chronic pelvic pain aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and laparoscopy in these patientsMethods: The study was conducted on 100 patients of chronic pelvic pain attending the gynaecology outdoor and were subjected to thorough clinical examination followed by ultrasonography and laparoscopic examination.Results: Maximum number of cases of chronic pelvic pain belonged to 25-30 years, were parous with mean duration of pain of 15.2 months. The most common complaint was vaginal discharge (70%) followed by menstrual irregularity. On clinical examination, pelvic tenderness was observed in majority (60%) of cases. USG examination showed chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in 43% cases followed by myoma (8%), ovarian cyst (5%), endometriosis (6%), pelvic congestion (5%) and no abnormal pathology in 25% cases. On laparoscopic examination, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease was present in 47% cases followed by endometriosis (11%), pelvic congestion (8%), myoma (8%), adhesions (7%) while 13% cases showed normal findings.Conclusions: Laparoscopy is more effective than ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in patients of chronic pelvic pain.
Electronic Structures, Born Effective Charges and Spontaneous Polarization in Magnetoelectric Gallium Ferrite
We present a theoretical study of the structure-property correlation in
gallium ferrite, based on the first principles calculations followed by a
subsequent comparison with the experiments. Local spin density approximation
(LSDA+U) of the density functional theory has been used to calculate the ground
state structure, electronic band structure, density of states and Born
effective charges. Calculations reveal that the ground state structure is
orthorhombic Pc21n having A-type antiferromagnetic spin configuration, with
lattice parameters matching well with those obtained experimentally. Plots of
partial density of states of constituent ions exhibit noticeable hybridization
of Fe 3d, Ga 4s, Ga 4p and O 2p states. However, the calculated charge density
and electron localization function show largely ionic character of the Ga/Fe-O
bonds which is also supported by lack of any significant anomaly in the
calculated Born effective charges with respect to the corresponding nominal
ionic charges. The calculations show a spontaneous polarization of ~ 59
microC/cm^2 along b-axis which is largely due to asymmetrically placed Ga1,
Fe1, O1, O2 and O6 ions.Comment: Total 21 pages including 3 tables and 6 figure
First-Principles Calculation of Born Effective Charges and Spontaneous Polarization of Ferroelectric Bismuth Titanate
In this study, we present the results of our first-principles calculations of
the band structure, density of states and the Born effective charge tensors for
the ferroelectric (ground state B1a1) and paraelectric (I4/mmm) phases of
bismuth titanate. The calculations are done using the generalized gradient
approximation (GGA) as well as the local density approximation (LDA) of the
density functional theory. In contrast to the literature, our calculations on
B1a1 structure using GGA and LDA yield smaller indirect band gaps as compared
to the direct band gaps, in agreement with the experimental data. The density
of states shows considerable hybridization among Ti 3d, Bi 6p and O 2p states
indicating covalent nature of the bonds leading to the ferroelectric
instability. The Born effective charge tensors of the constituent ions for the
ground state (B1a1) and paraelectric (I4/mmm) structures were calculated using
the Berry phase method. This is followed by the calculation of the spontaneous
polarization for the ferroelectric B1a1 phase using the Born effective charge
tensors of the individual ions. The calculated value for the spontaneous
polarization of ferroelectric bismuth titanate using different Born effective
charges was found to be in the range of 55+/-13 C/cm2 in comparison to the
reported experimental value of (50+/-10 C/cm2) for single crystals. The
origin of ferroelectricity is attributed to the relatively large displacements
of those oxygen ions in the TiO6 octahedra that lie along the a-axis of the
bismuth titanate crystal.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figure
Hashimoto Encephalopathy in Case of Progressive Cognitive Impairment; a Case Report
Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare condition characterized by atypical psychiatric and heterogeneous neurological manifestations such as acute cerebral ischemia, seizure, tremors, myoclonus, psychosis, depression, cognitive disorders, and fluctuating loss of consciousness. Here, a case of 28 year-old man was reported who referred to the emergency department (ED) with different acute neurologic disorders and final diagnose of HE
Non hodgkin’s lymphoma misdiagnosed as tuberculosis: A case report
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by an abnormal clonal proliferation of T-cells, B-cells or both. Sometimes, tuberculosis and lymphoma presentation can share common symptoms and features. A 37-year-old male patient was admitted in the hospital with complains of shortness of breath associated with cough, loss of appetite, generalized weakness and weight loss since two months. There were no palpable peripheral lymph nodes present anywhere in the body. The patient had no personal or family history of tuberculosis. The chest X-ray showed bilateral mild pleural effusion with confluent radio opacities in both lung fields. Pleural fluid biochemistry showed increased Adenosine deaminase level with increased protein and low sugar. Antitubercular drugs were started after initial diagnosis of tuberculosis. After non improvement in symptoms fine needleaspiration cytology (FNAC) was done from spleen which showed finding suggestive of non- hodgkins lymphoma
Efficacy of topical phenytoin in healing diabetic foot ulcer
Background: India is fast becoming world diabetes capital. Complications are a cause of hospitalization in patients with diabetes mellitus especially foot complications. Gauze moistened with saline has been the standard method.Methods: The study was done from June 2015 to June 2016. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of topical phenytoin compared to standard and conventional methods of wound care in improving the healing process. In this randomised control trial, the data from 70 patients with diabetic ulcers was collected, 35 patients underwent topical phenytoin dressing while remaining 35 underwent conventional wound care. Histopathological and Clinical examination were done and the following parameters were calculated: Granulation tissue formation in 2 weeks and Mean duration of hospital stay.Results: In this study, Mean hospital stay in days was 33.4 in Phenytoin treated group and in other group with use conventional materials, the mean hospital stay in days was 39.7 days. Granulation tissue formation was faster as compared to conventional materials of Dressings.Conclusions: In this study we conclude Topical phenytoin helps in faster healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and it also reduces the mean hospital stay of the patients
Optical Anisotropy in Bismuth Titanate: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
We report experimental and theoretical investigation of anisotropy in optical
properties and their origin in the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases of
bismuth titanate. Room temperature ellipsometric measurements performed on
pulsed laser deposited bismuth titanate thin films of different orientations
show anisotropy in the dielectric and optical constants, Subsequent
first-principles calculations performed on the ground state structures of
ferroelectric and high temperature paraelectric phases of bismuth titanate show
that the material demonstrates anisotropic optical behavior in both
ferroelectric and paraelectric phases. We further show that O 2p to Ti 3d
transition is the primary origin of optical activity of the material while
optical anisotropy results from the asymmetrically oriented Ti-O bonds in TiO6
octehdra in the unit cell.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
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